High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)/H.265 is an ultra-high-definition (UHD) video format used in 4K terrestrial broadcasting, where it plays a leading role. MPEG-4 Advance Video Coding (AVC)/H.264 is a bitstream that has been used as a core transmission format in the Internet era, accounting for more than 80% of all Internet streams worldwide. MPEG-2/H.262 technology enabled digital broadcasting to replace analog broadcasting. MPEG-1 was used on CDs, DVDs, and other storage media and played a significant role in changing the use of storage media. Without the use of data compression technology in the development of digital media, a digital media transformation would be impossible. Historically, video coding has been essential to the growth of the media industry. With the growth in video traffic, video coding techniques capable of reducing video traffic have become more important. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, many activities have been replaced with non-face-to-face multimedia methods, and such video-based solutions are increasing the amount of video data traffic. This aspect is becoming increasingly entrenched because of the recent increase in non-face-to-face activities. A recent Cisco report claimed that video data account for roughly 80% of all Internet data traffic. The popularity of media services is causing network bandwidth problems due to the delivery of various types of media that require a large amount of data for qualified services. Based on such technologies, territory broadcasting, movies, on-demand videos, video-based conference calls, video-based mobile communications, video surveillance, real-time remote control, 3D videos, augmented reality videos, and virtual reality video services have generated significant interest among consumers. Many qualified media services have been provided owing to the advancements in multimedia technology, including content generation, data compression, large-data delivery, rendering technology, and real-time encoding/decoding technology. Furthermore, we survey and present recent technical advances in fast and low-complexity VVC/H.266, focusing on key technical areas. In this study, we provide an overview of the VVC/H.266 standard, and compared with previous video coding standards, examine a key challenge to VVC/H.266 coding. To address the complexity issue of VVC/H.266, significant efforts have been expended to develop practical methods for reducing the encoding and decoding processes of VVC/H.266. Although VVC/H.266 has improved its coding performance by incorporating new advanced technologies with flexible partitioning, the increased encoding complexity has become a challenging issue in practical market usage. The primary goal of VVC/H.266 is to achieve a compression capability that is noticeably better than that of HEVC/H.265, as well as the functionality to support a variety of applications with a single profile. Versatile Video Coding (VVC)/H.266, completed in 2020, provides half the bitrate of the previous video coding standard (i.e., High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)/H.265) while maintaining the same visual quality.
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